Who Was the Lost Generation

The term â€Å"Lost Generation† refers to the generation of people who reached adulthood during or immediately following World War I. Demographers generally consider 1883 to 1900 as the birth year range of the generation. Key Takeaways: The Lost Generation The â€Å"Lost Generation† reached adulthood during or shortly after World War I.Disillusioned by the horrors of war, they rejected the traditions of the older generation.Their struggles were characterized in the works of a group of famous American authors and poets including Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and T. S. Eliot.Common traits of the â€Å"Lost Generation† included decadence, distorted visions of the â€Å"American Dream,† and gender confusion.​ Having witnessed what they considered pointless death on such a massive scale during the war, many members of the generation rejected more traditional ideas of proper behavior, morality, and gender roles. They were considered to be â€Å"lost† due to their tendency to act aimlessly, even recklessly, often focusing on the hedonistic accumulation of personal wealth. In literature, the term also refers to a group of well-known American authors and poets including Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and T. S. Eliot, whose works often detailed the internal struggles of the â€Å"Lost Generation.†Ã‚   The term is believed to have come from an actual verbal exchange witnessed by novelist Gertrude Stein during which a French garage owner derisively told his young employee, â€Å"You are all a lost generation.† Stein repeated the phrase to her colleague and pupil Ernest Hemingway, who popularized the term when he used it as an epigraph to his classic 1926 novel The Sun Also Rises. In an interview for The Hemingway Project, Kirk Curnutt, author of several books about the Lost Generation writers suggested that they were expressing mythologized versions of their own lives. Said Curnutt: â€Å"They were convinced they were the products of a generational breach, and they wanted to capture the experience of newness in the world around them. As such, they tended to write about alienation, unstable mores like drinking, divorce, sex, and different varieties of unconventional self-identities like gender-bending.† Decadent Excesses Throughout their novels The Sun Also Rises and The Great Gatsby, Hemingway and Fitzgerald feature the decedent, self-indulgent lifestyles of their Lost Generation characters. In both The Great Gatsby and Tales of the Jazz Age Fitzgerald depicts an  endless stream of lavish parties hosted by the main characters. With their values so completely destroyed by the war, the expatriate American circles of friends in Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises and A Moveable Feast live shallow, hedonistic lifestyles, aimlessly roaming the world while drinking and partying. Fallacy of Great American Dream Members of the Lost Generation viewed the idea of the â€Å"American Dream† as a grand deception. This becomes a prominent theme in The Great Gatsby as the story’s narrator Nick Carraway comes to realize that Gatsby’s vast  fortune had been paid for with great misery. To Fitzgerald, the traditional vision of the American Dream—that hard work led to success—had become corrupted. To the Lost Generation, â€Å"living the dream† was no longer about simply building a self-sufficient life, but about getting stunningly rich by any means necessary. Gender-Bending and Impotence Many young men eagerly entered World War I still believing combat to be more of a chivalrous, even glamorous pastime than an inhumane struggle for survival. However, the reality they experienced—the brutal slaughter of more than 18 million people, including 6 million civilians—shattered their traditional images of masculinity and their perceptions around differing roles of men and women in society. Left impotent by his war wounds, Jake, the narrator and central character in Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, describes how his sexually aggressive and promiscuous female lover Brett acts as the man, trying to be â€Å"one of the boys† in an effort to control the lives of her sexual partners. In T.S. Eliot’s ironically titled poem â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† Prufrock laments how his embarrassment from feelings of emasculation has left him sexually frustrated and unable to declare his love for the poem’s unnamed female recipients, referred to as â€Å"they.† (They will say: ‘How his hair is growing thin!’)My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin,My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin—(They will say: ‘But how his arms and legs are thin!’) In the first chapter of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Gatsby’s trophy girlfriend Daisy delivers a telling vision of her newborn daughter’s future. â€Å"I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a theme that still resonates in today’s feminist movement, Daisy’s words express Fitzgerald’s opinion of his generation as spawning a society that largely devalued intelligence in women. While the older generation valued women who were docile and subservient, the Lost Generation held mindless pleasure-seeking as the key to a woman’s â€Å"success.† While she seemed to bemoan her generation’s view of gender roles, Daisy conformed to them, acting as a â€Å"fun girl† to avoid the tensions of her true love for the ruthless Gatsby.  Ã‚   Belief in an Impossible Future Unable or unwilling to come to grips with the horrors of warfare, many of the Lost Generation created impossibly unrealistic hopes for the future. This is expressed best in the final lines of The Great Gatsby in which narrator Nick exposed Gatsby’s idealized vision of Daisy that had always prevented him from seeing her as she really was.   â€Å"Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgiastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter—tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther†¦. And one fine morning—So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.† The â€Å"green light† in the passage is Fitzgerald’s metaphor for the perfect futures we continue to believe in even while watching it get ever farther away from us. In other words, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary, the Lost Generation continued to believe that â€Å"one fine day,† our dreams will come true. A New Lost Generation? By their very nature, all wars  create â€Å"lost† survivors. While returning combat veterans have traditionally died of suicide and suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder  (PTSD) at much higher rates than the general population,  returning veterans of the Gulf War and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq are at an even higher risk. According to a 2016 report from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, an average of 20 of these veterans a day die from suicide. Could these â€Å"modern† wars be creating a modern â€Å"Lost Generation?† With mental wounds often more serious and far more difficult to treat than physical trauma, many combat veterans struggle to reintegrate into civilian society. A report from the RAND Corporation estimates that some 20% of returning veterans either have or will develop PTSD.

Governmental Foundation in the Declaration of Independence...

On July 4, 1776, the United States of Americas Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This document, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, announced that the thirteen colonies were declaring their independence and, in doing so, were independent states apart from the British Empire. The Declaration of Independence is comprised mainly of colonial grievances and assertions of human rights. The Declaration of Independence formed a profound foundation for the forefathers who wrote the United States of America Constitution and Bill of Rights and, therefore, the United States of America government. As the first clause of the United States of Americas Declaration of†¦show more content†¦In response to each grievance, together these documents form a harmony that suits and is for the people and government of the United States. In the Constitution, the first three articles create a separation of power and a system of checks and balances intended for the United States of America Federal Government. In doing so, the Constitution makes certain that no governmental power is dominant and, thereby, protects the freedoms and rights of the people. By discussing Congressional Provisions in Article I, Americans received representative government, a right that the colonists had continuously asked Great Britain for, in the form of both a Senate and a House of Representatives. While the number of representatives from each state in the House of Representatives would be calculated according to population of that state, the Senate was to have two representatives per state. This system guarantees impartial and balanced representation to each state. In Article II Executive Powers, the colonists were granted the right to suffrage. Article III discussed Judicial Powers of both Supreme and inferior courts ensuring that all Americans receive a fair trial. Articles IV, V, VI, and VII focus on Procedures for Amendmen ts. By addressing grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence, America’s founding fathers were able to create a system of government â€Å"under God†¦of the people, by the people, for the people† (Abraham Lincoln).Show MoreRelatedEssay On The Declaration Of Independence778 Words   |  4 Pages On July 4th, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed by the founding fathers, thus implementing the foundation of the American government. The Declaration of Independence represents great significance in the history of the United States due to its influence throughout time. The Declaration signifies the rebellion against the British Parliament and the unification of the colonies in the fight for equality, liberty, and justice. Furthermore, the Declaration established a new form of governmentRead MoreThe American Revolution Set up Equality and Power for America621 Words   |  3 Pagesthe world power it is today. America’s Revolution gave birth to real applications of Enlightenment ideals, and in doing so spurred movements of independence and democracy around the world during the same time period and into the future. â€Å"Three major events of the American Revolution had great influence on Europe: Signing the Declaration of Independence, Implementing the ideas of Enlightenment, Forming the U.S constitution† (ADD SOURCE). In the years following the American Revolution, France fellRead MoreEssay on Epitome of Enlightenment 1232 Words   |  5 PagesRevolution. The American Declaration of Independence, written in 1776 is one of the most significant examples of a document whose writing was motivated by enlightenment principles. (http://dogofletters.wordpress.com). 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It changed the course of history because itRead MoreThe Revolutionary Period Of 1763 Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesnewfound ideas of liberty as well as increased focus on the rights of man, promulgating new rhetoric surrounding human rights. The American Revolution launched a global movement in which the people took a stand against their oppressors and fought for governmental autonomy. This international movement brought forth new political ideology, as well as increased the voice of the people. The political thinkers associated with the various global revolutions in America, France, and in South America, all used humanRead MoreEssay on Freedom1303 Words   |  6 PagesThis idea can be considered, in general, a totalitarian principle because leaders following this ideology often believs it is within their realm to force the citizens to become all they can be. But this could also be considered democratic through governmental programs such as welfare, affirmative action, and many others created to better society. Yet negative liberty, is the primary one we want in our lives. However negative liberty is the freedom from the constraints that limit us (Negative Liberty)Read MoreThe Declaration Of Independence By Thomas Jefferson1670 Words   |  7 Pagesin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where five men were appointed to be a part of a comity to write the Declaration of Independence and become liberated from the British government. The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important documents in American history. It tells the major ideas that the Founders had about government. Eventually, after several rough drafts of the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson, a final draft was written and finally approved by the Second Continental CongressRead MoreDocumentat ions That Made Up The United States Of America1749 Words   |  7 Pagesin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where five men were appointed to be a part of a comity to write the Declaration of Independence and become liberated from the British government. The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important documents in American history. It tells the major ideas that the Founders had about government. Eventually, after several rough drafts of the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson, a final draft was written and finally approved by the Second Continental CongressRead MoreAmerican History Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesordinary men, men who risked life and limb to ensure that their families would see the light of the next day. It’s such men that I want to analyze, their principals, their beliefs, their spirit. Ultimately, I want to explore their way of life, the foundation for America as we know. In addition, we will be venturing into the history of the United St ates of America to analyze and highlight the reasons why the American Revolution succeeded and the principles that we still hold true to this day and ageRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Driving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Words   |  6 Pagesbehind the American and French Revolutions? The years 1685 to 1815 (Strayer, 2011) will be the focus of this investigation to allow for an analysis of the Enlightenment ideas’ impact the need for governmental change in the American colonies and France during the eighteenth century, as well as their governmental influences post-revolutions. †¯ The first source which will be evaluated in depth is the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, last edited in 2016 and written by a collection of authors, namely

Nostalgia in “Where I Come from” Free Essays

â€Å"Where I Come From† is a poem in which Elizabeth Brewster expresses her nostalgic emotions and yearning for the tranquility and yearning for the nature of her hometown. The vivid imagery, which stimulates the readers’ senses plays an important role in intensifying the vehemence of her emotions. Brewster also expresses her nostalgia in a way that makes readers empathic with her strong yearning. We will write a custom essay sample on Nostalgia in â€Å"Where I Come from† or any similar topic only for you Order Now The lack of rhyming scheme in this piece conveys a sense of fickleness and uniqueness. People are made of places,† she says, which I believe specifically meaner that people re made of places that they belong to, that people do not â€Å"carry with them hints of† manmade cities and skyscrapers because they do not belong there, but they belong in the â€Å"Jungles and mountains† as mankind itself is a piece of nature. Furthermore, Brewster uses â€Å"people† as a metaphor for herself, thus being the reason for her intense yearning. â€Å"Smell of smog† in the fourth line radiates a strong imagery of the blurry matter, blinding people from the pathway of their goals. Therefore, the phrase represents Brewster melancholy and strong sense of uncertainty. Her description of the scent f spring as â€Å"the almost-not-smell of tulips† conveys a sense of disappointment as not even a single whole thing of nature remains in the synthetic world of the modern age. Brewster then mentions the scent of museums, the scent of old, once-functional items that are kept only for the sake of history. This serves as a medium to further convey her nostalgia. She then mentions the scent of â€Å"work, glue factories†, â€Å"chromium-plated offices†, and â€Å"subways†. Her choice of mentioning only the dullest and most mundane scents of the contemporary realm depicts her dissatisfaction tit it, in comparison to what her old settlement had to offer. â€Å"Burned-out†, â€Å"old†, and â€Å"battered†, she describes her hometown, yet she still yearns for it. From this, it is concluded that it is not the quality of the items she seeks, but the tranquility and beauty. Brewster included the very fragrant and soothing scent of â€Å"pine woods† and â€Å"blueberry†, further strengthening the former point. â€Å"With yards where hens and chickens circle about,† she says. The image of the Jaunty animals provides an aura of mirthful glee, which is precisely what she experiences while being in the less hectic environment. She also stated that the â€Å"hens and chickens† are â€Å"clucking aimlessly†, depicting a sense of insouciance. Therefore, her wistfulness is caused by her longing for the blithe and airy nature of her hometown. Spring and winter are the mind’s chief seasons†; in this line, Brewster has started to tolerate with the circumstance she is place in in that present and that the benefit in simply yearning is nonexistent. â€Å"Ice and the breaking of ice† symbolisms her adamantly of belonging in a place of nature, as it starts to fade, thus exposing herself Brewster then allows the doo r to her memories to â€Å"blow open† and let the â€Å"frosty mind† that is her haunting memories to be blown and fade away. Her description of her memories as â€Å"frosty† depicts her acknowledgement and awareness of how her nostalgia has turned her into an aloof person whose gaze illustrates none but melancholy. In conclusion, this poem is the tale of Elizabeth Brewster momentary misery and despair due to her nostalgia, which she overcomes as she realizes that the past is not all there is, which is the fickle element of the poem. Therefore, this poem is not a mere chronicle, but Brewster message of counsel too. How to cite Nostalgia in â€Å"Where I Come from†, Papers

Nostalgia in “Where I Come from” Free Essays

â€Å"Where I Come From† is a poem in which Elizabeth Brewster expresses her nostalgic emotions and yearning for the tranquility and yearning for the nature of her hometown. The vivid imagery, which stimulates the readers’ senses plays an important role in intensifying the vehemence of her emotions. Brewster also expresses her nostalgia in a way that makes readers empathic with her strong yearning. We will write a custom essay sample on Nostalgia in â€Å"Where I Come from† or any similar topic only for you Order Now The lack of rhyming scheme in this piece conveys a sense of fickleness and uniqueness. People are made of places,† she says, which I believe specifically meaner that people re made of places that they belong to, that people do not â€Å"carry with them hints of† manmade cities and skyscrapers because they do not belong there, but they belong in the â€Å"Jungles and mountains† as mankind itself is a piece of nature. Furthermore, Brewster uses â€Å"people† as a metaphor for herself, thus being the reason for her intense yearning. â€Å"Smell of smog† in the fourth line radiates a strong imagery of the blurry matter, blinding people from the pathway of their goals. Therefore, the phrase represents Brewster melancholy and strong sense of uncertainty. Her description of the scent f spring as â€Å"the almost-not-smell of tulips† conveys a sense of disappointment as not even a single whole thing of nature remains in the synthetic world of the modern age. Brewster then mentions the scent of museums, the scent of old, once-functional items that are kept only for the sake of history. This serves as a medium to further convey her nostalgia. She then mentions the scent of â€Å"work, glue factories†, â€Å"chromium-plated offices†, and â€Å"subways†. Her choice of mentioning only the dullest and most mundane scents of the contemporary realm depicts her dissatisfaction tit it, in comparison to what her old settlement had to offer. â€Å"Burned-out†, â€Å"old†, and â€Å"battered†, she describes her hometown, yet she still yearns for it. From this, it is concluded that it is not the quality of the items she seeks, but the tranquility and beauty. Brewster included the very fragrant and soothing scent of â€Å"pine woods† and â€Å"blueberry†, further strengthening the former point. â€Å"With yards where hens and chickens circle about,† she says. The image of the Jaunty animals provides an aura of mirthful glee, which is precisely what she experiences while being in the less hectic environment. She also stated that the â€Å"hens and chickens† are â€Å"clucking aimlessly†, depicting a sense of insouciance. Therefore, her wistfulness is caused by her longing for the blithe and airy nature of her hometown. Spring and winter are the mind’s chief seasons†; in this line, Brewster has started to tolerate with the circumstance she is place in in that present and that the benefit in simply yearning is nonexistent. â€Å"Ice and the breaking of ice† symbolisms her adamantly of belonging in a place of nature, as it starts to fade, thus exposing herself Brewster then allows the doo r to her memories to â€Å"blow open† and let the â€Å"frosty mind† that is her haunting memories to be blown and fade away. Her description of her memories as â€Å"frosty† depicts her acknowledgement and awareness of how her nostalgia has turned her into an aloof person whose gaze illustrates none but melancholy. In conclusion, this poem is the tale of Elizabeth Brewster momentary misery and despair due to her nostalgia, which she overcomes as she realizes that the past is not all there is, which is the fickle element of the poem. Therefore, this poem is not a mere chronicle, but Brewster message of counsel too. How to cite Nostalgia in â€Å"Where I Come from†, Papers

Critical Analysis Of Leadership and Transformational Change - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Critical Analysis Of Leadership and Transformational Change. Answer: Introduction The CEOs are very important in determining the progress of the company. This means that they ought to have diverse and intense skills of leadership since they deal with employees and clients of different backgrounds. However, the CEO position is quite challenging, and this necessitates a series of dismissals which cost a company billions of dollars if a CEO is not effective. It is also discouraging for the directors who put more efforts in scrutinizing candidates to anoint the appropriate CEOs in their companies. Therefore, the position requires one to be focused on achieving a lot of success and maximizing profits. The big companies in Australia for example, have been able to attain the topmost position in the country and the world at large because of the good leadership got from their leading CEOs. This paper features the CEOs of Wesfarmers, Amcor Limited and Billiton Group namely; Richard Goyder, Ken Mackenzie and Andrew Mackenzie respectively, as some of the largest companies in Australia and their leadership styles and how they have impacted on the progress of the company. Aim This report aims to analyze the leadership of three Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of Australian companies to assess their leadership theories and how leader performance can be improved to enhance organizational performance. This report will compare and contrast the leadership approaches of three Australian CEOs and identify how each leader's approach has influenced the organizational output and analyze the challenge faced by one of the CEOs. An effective leader should understand the organization and its structure to identify the opportunities available for exploitation and initiate proper directions and inspiration. This requires a leader to have a professional background which includes education and work experience. Selecting And Assessing The Ceos The CEOs. The three CEOs selected for this analysis include: Richard Goyder Wesfarmers Australia, 1993 having worked in several commercial roles. He was the General Manager for three years before being elected as the Managing Director in 1999. He became the firms Chief Financial Officer in 2004 and assumed the position of Chief Executive Officer in June 2005. He was a leader who believed that the future of the company should be far much better than the current state and directed his efforts in making things work more easily. Ken Mackenzie - Amcor Limited - 2002 as the Deputy Managing Director. In 2005, he assumed the CEOs position whereby he was keen to ensure that every occurrence would not just happen and disappear but rather he would learn great lessons to help him advance his ways of handling situations in future. Andrew Mackenzie - Billiton Group - 1983 as vice president. In 2003, he joined Rio Tinto as the Financial Manager of the industrial minerals division until in 2007 when he became the CEO succeeding Marius Kloppers. He had expert communication skills that enabled him to appear mostly in the news media, and this helped him advertise his company to a great extent making his clients attain more confidence in the company and the products. Ways Each Leader Conceptualizes Success through Their Leadership Wesfarmers is one of the biggest companies whose CEO is Richard Goyder and whose leadership landed the company many miles ahead than anyone would ever imagine. Under his leadership, the company was transmuted into a diverse organization from a relatively small farmers co-operative standing in the top 50 companies in Australia in a span of 10 years. The company had a market share of around $26 million when Richard took over the leadership mantle in 2003. The company rose up to past one billion dollar market share before he stepped down making it among the largest private companies employing more than 300,000 people. This was a significant move in the company under his leadership which made him become a great and prominent CEO whose legacy would be remembered and felt for generations to come. His financial goals were far much ahead of his years, and his business mentality was quite excellent. Ken Mackenzie as the CEO of Amcor Limited from 2005 has extensive experience both in the executive and global leadership due to his deeply strategic approach. This company is a packaging company has operations in over 40 countries. The 23 years of career in the packaging company gave him extensive experience regarding all the business segments of the Amcor in all the emerging and developed markets in Asia, Europe, America, and Australia. He has initiated packaging sustainability and led the board in informing the entire market about the sustainability of packaging. This has been done through various means including participation in the industry forums like the Sustainable Packaging Coalition. Working with the suppliers and customers also ensures that the packaging sustainability has been considered from design to end-of-life. Through his leadership skills, he has ensured the safety of the workplace which forms one of the greatest concerns for the employees. The CEO gears towards achi eving a workplace of zero injuries. Occasionally, some incidents of serious injuries may be experienced in the workplace which makes the CEO to take the initiative to learn from the incident and initiate proper measures to ensure that a similar case ceases to occur. Andrew Mackenzie has been the CEO of the Billiton Group for the last five years which made him become an expertise in the complex corporate and risk management, advisory work and solving disputes. He was involved in the trusted advisor with the clients from Australia globally. He possesses industry knowledge and technical excellence. This has enabled him to work closely with customers on some complex and significant criminal investigations and civil disputes in Australia mostly in resources and energy, telecommunications and financial sectors. Based on the previous pattern of leadership and approaches, Andrew is able to classify situations and compare them with different ways of approaches so as to determine the best approach to a business situation. His listening skills are quite excellent, and he gives a chance to his followers to speak their feelings, complains and submits reports. He expresses attentiveness or expressing excitement when listening to a follower. Andrew observes how the boards work differently as a result of the historical context of their implementation and achievement is very high. He said that as a leader, he always has the answers at hand to the questions he asks the board and the employees but asking them is a way to ensure that they know and do what is expected of them. How These Leaders Describe Their Conceptualization of Leadership As the CEO of Wesfarmers, Goyder watched over the agriculturally focused cooperative's transmutation to retail, excavating multinational which makes the Australia's biggest private sector workforce to boast. During his leadership, he has made the nation afford a big turnover by fighting against political self-interest groups and safely navigating the troubled waters of WA Inc. He also appreciates the role of the talented people in the company as useful ingredients alongside the suggested systems. One secret he holds is a generational alteration of employees whereby the younger and more trained employees are recruited to join the older employees or the retired ones or even the incompetent employees to ensure a continuous and a sure business success. His leadership skills make him foresee the potential in the farmers' co-operative of becoming an exceedingly powerful group as well as having numerous diversified streams of business. The investment potential in the Wesfarmers collection m otivated him as a business person and also identified a means to improve the morale of the staff. The report delivered on 2013 for Amcor Limited's Annual General Meeting indicated that the company had achieved a 15% reduction in the emission of GHG and a 10% reduction in water usage under Ken's leadership. This meant that the CEO was determined to secure an environment-friendly working place which also promoted the health of the employees and the public in general. His leadership skills were geared to engaging with the shareholders, and other individuals in a quest get to know their perspective in a better way and to create long-term value for them. A report said that his leadership had been worthwhile which contributed extraordinarily to create a further development opportunity to the company. Andrew uses the profit-arithmetic approach (PA) whereby he operates on the basis of processing information and data through a mental process so as to be able to differentiate between the profit levels and those that are not. This approach which relies mostly on the mind of the individual makes the CEOs to base their decision-making processes on the possibility of making profits rather than the image of the company. This means that he relies mostly on his knowledge of the company's strengths, weaknesses, resources and the company in general to make informed decisions and would sometimes depend on his sense of business especially when the level of uncertainty is quite high. Andrew believes that a "sense of business" is quite vital and that it helps him a great deal since he meets some of the situations which would be new to him such that he has no previous similar cases to base his decisions on. This necessitates him to call his minds into a meeting and come up with legit solutions bas ed on the situation at hand. How Each Leader Conceptualizes Success through their Leadership Goyder said that he made it easier to do most of the things in future. He has ensured that the culture of the company is transparent between the board and the seniormanagement such that information would not be filtered or altered anyhow without prior consent. He led the process of breaking down the business and putting it into a smaller divisional structure which is now the current operation making it easier to manage and oversee job performance. Apart from other qualifications, Goyder is one leader with a good financial management background which makes him win the trust of many clients both locally and internationally. He strives a lot to be transparent in all the transactions he made. These include the deals he booked and lost, the product plans, the amount of capital raised and the financial statements summary is presented in a clear manner. This ensures that no employee would complain about not knowing whatever was going on in the company or had no information regarding the financial position of the company and its progress. Goyder would only not disclose the information about the personnel re-org details and the payroll because such would be a personal information which needs privacy. This is a necessary effort to ensure that every employee knows how important they are in the company and how their efforts matter in positioning the company to higher heights of performance. He is also a leader who knows how to deal with p roblems as soon as they arise. As realized by the researchers, it is not possible to respect or trust a leader who in case of a crisis just lets the problematic person hang on, Goyder is always keen to address any operational issue in a fast and efficient manner before it bears numerous disadvantages. He is fair and consistent in his problem-solving hence building the followers' trust since he is a mindful and action leader. In his efforts, Ken Mackenzie showed strong leadership qualities by navigating the firm through a financial crisis in making some critical decisions to improve the returns of the shareholders. This enabled him to clean up the messes caused by the previous CEOs. In a span of four years in leadership, he made a significant reduction in costs across the business and a reducing down of the assortment through the partition of South 32. His financial intelligence is also outstanding hence earning him the trust of the clients the employees. He was able to understand the financial position and financial crisis and always worked hard to come up with a way of settling them. He ensured that the company had zero debts most of the times and in case there were some, the gap between the debts and the profits earned would be so big to lay down the company. He owned the budgeting skills that helped him in avoiding unnecessary debts and able to manage the company needs in an appropriate manner. Based on the previous pattern of leadership and approaches, Andrew is able to classify situations and compare them with different ways of approaches so as to determine the best approach to a business situation. His listening skills are quite excellent, and he gives a chance to his followers to speak their feelings, complains and submits reports. He expresses attentiveness or expressing excitement when listening to a follower. Critical Evaluation of How Each Leaders Practice of Leadership Impacts the Success of Their Respective Organizations Ken Mackenzie, had different approaches to leadership whereby he would be focused to complete the required tasks, accomplish the company's objectives, maintain the current situation of the firm and motivate his followers through agreements. This form of leadership is known as transactional leadership which also allows the followers to fulfill their desired interests, reduce work anxiety and focus on achieving the goals of the organization. He believed that his leadership should gratify both individual needs and the goals of the organization. His leadership was characterized by using his powers to give incentives to his followers so as to motivate them to deliver the best efforts of the organization. He was focused on ensuring that every day-day activities flowed smoothly rather than looking into guiding the company to attain a proper market position. He loved team-building activities as he believed they are good ways of understanding the individual talents of his followers. Having to engage in these teams also enabled him to gather more information from them as they would feel free when working together as teams. This also encouraged collaboration with the employees at different levels of work which enabled initiating change which helped a lot to improve performance and provide opportunities for professional and individual enhancement. This plays a great role in encouraging the employees and improving their job morale as they are meant to perceive work as a means of advancing themselves rather than just a means of getting pay. Richard Goyder was good at developing cohesion with his employees by calling regular meetings which would enable him to ask the employees questions of concern and enable him to get a relevant feedback. This would help him identify the gaps that need to be filled and the weaknesses that needed to be dealt with so as to keep the firm in profit-generating position and also maximize the outputs. He was able to handle all the details and point s of concern in a quest to develop a strong, detailed output in the fastest means possible and earn a market reputation hence improving the image of the firm. In conjunction to this, he would not hesitate to keep his employee's needs on the front line so as to motivate them to maintain high standards of productivity. His team-building skills enabled him to achieve more ambitious goals and achieve a rapid success due to his strong visions. He possessed the ability to design and communicate relevant decisions and change needed to implement strategic policies. He had excellent communication skills, and this helped him a lot in maintaining his good relationship with the other employees. One of the skills he possessed is the communication skills. He was able to communicate more in a visible and active manner when crises arose in the company. He was able to put himself in a direct contact with the people of the press and was able to contact news conferences. Andrew Mackenzie was able to communicate in public and having his views and decisions aired out to the public by the news people was a good catalyst to make the clients more confident of their products, and also the employees developed more trust and felt good being associated with him. When delivering a presentation, he was keen to ensure that he does it perfectly so as to avoid boring the audience. His presentation was one that no one would ever like to miss since he used to create jovial moods mixed up with humor to capture the attention of the audience. This skill also made him get the followers understand his message, analyze it well and also get to act on whatever he said. His ability to understand body language would also help him get to recruit the right candidates for the right positions since during interviews, he would be able to read the body language of the interviewees and understand it making him assess the honesty of the candidate. He would also tell whether whatever he is saying is making the audience comfortable or he is hurting them and whether the followers were confident with what they are saying. This would be advantageous especially during negotiations, conducting meetings and delivering speeches. However, he lacked the listening skills which are very vital in any form of communication. Identification of Organizational Issues faced by Ken Mackenzie Despite the great leadership qualities that these three leaders possessed, Ken had a weakness which afforded him some drawbacks. The leader is less in realistic optimism which means that he would daydream about innovative ideas which sounds great in theory or have his heads in the clouds while in reality, they lack world application. This makes him be curious about the future, and this blurs him from concentrating much on the current performance and the current issues. This makes him to lack confident in whatever he was doing for the company and unable to face many of the challenges that came his way and confront the difficulties faced by the company. Advice to the Leader on How to Address These Issues I would recommend that Ken combines an honest evaluation of the potential challenges of the companies with a positive attitude. This is to say that as he imagines of taking the company to greater achievements, he should also think of the possible challenges on the way and have a good mechanism for overcoming or handling them. For example, in cases of crisis, the CEO should embrace the situation with no fear knowing that every obstruction has got a way out regardless of the magnitude of the difficulty. He should maintain the events in proportion and should make intensive efforts to be able to celebrate his successes and those of others to expand his minds and get tips on how to achieve more from them. Conclusion and Recommendations Generally, the work of a CEO entails having the ability to lead tactfully and embracing different leadership skills to become effective as the success of any organization lies in the leadership skills of the CEO. The application of leadership theories by the three CEOs helpful in enhancing the success of the companies they manage. The trait theory of leadership argument that different leaders share similar traits which instinctively help them achieve organizational success. The ability to possess innate skills will help the leaders lead more effectively with the proper understanding of all the employees under their management. The behavioral theories of leadership focus on how these three leaders behave. The three leaders exemplary show commitment and expect cooperation from the subordinates and this enhances their democratic nature of leadership under which every employees idea is appreciated. This paper has discussed three CEOs of the prominent Australian companies and their approa ches to leadership which have enabled them to place the firms in a recognizable position internationally. The three leaders were all geared towards success and continuous development of their companies. However, their approaches in leadership were significantly different. Richard Goyder has been the CEO of Wesfarmers whereby he has made it grow from a small company to become among the top most companies in Australia based on his leadership skills. Further, the existing situations in these companies force the leaders to apply contingency theories of leadership. The fact that no best skill or style of leadership helps solve a problem, the use of path-goal theory and transactional leadership is required. Among them is the ability to remain transparent in his undertakings which helped him identify any possible path for further success. Ken Mackenzie also led packaging company called Amcor Limited Company as the CEO for ten years where he left a mark of having achieved a zero-injury work ing environment. His financial intelligence made him also achieve a zero debt state of the company. Andrew Mackenzie of Billiton Group made use of his company knowledge to make decisions which would maximize profit margins. However, his efforts to make the company shine the more, he would make unrealistic decisions at times which would affect the current performance of the company. Allowing himself to have a way of dealing with possible challenges would help him a lot to achieve more success both now and in future. Therefore, the three leaders must employ the use of trait, contingency, and behavioral theories of leadership in order to reap the fruits of success. The leaders must lead democratically by valuing the ideas of all subordinates staff since this motivates and improves their morale. Further, the leaders must learn how to understand different skills, knowledge, and expertise of their employees in order to facilitate the division of labor in accordance with each employees area of specialization. Further, the three leaders must learn how to make quick, accurate, and proper decisions that affect workplace operations guided by the contingency theories of leadership. Bibliography Berns, K. 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