My Good Friend Miguel Rodriguez Essay - 1549 Words

On November 1, 2016, I interviewed my good friend Miguel Rodriguez after eating copious amounts of â€Å"al pastor† at our favorite Taco truck. I interviewed Miguel because he is a strong individual with solid morals and a community organizer in his hometown of Ventura California. Miguel is 32 years old and is considered a non-traditional student at UCLA, we both graduated in June 2016. I am also considered a non-traditional student except I am right at the minimum of the category. Miguel’s years of hard work as a community organizer make him the ideal candidate for an interview because he delivers a unique perspective on education. Furthermore, his narrative encompasses all six forms of capital outlined in â€Å"Whose Culture has Capital† (Yosso 2005). Since Miguel and I are both non-traditional students we both do not fall into the categories established in the Latino educational pipeline (Perez-Huber, et. al. 2015). Sure, we may not have finished college in fo ur years following high school, but we did get those degrees eventually. Furthermore, there is implicit racism in studies like the one conducted by UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center (CSRC). It implies that Latinos need to be more like Whites and it makes Latinos like Miguel and I, that do not complete college in the â€Å"standard† four years, to feel ashamed of ourselves. However, I agree with most of the recommendations from that article, it is the statistics that I take offense with which hinders credibility. Interview BornShow MoreRelatedNarrative Report1636 Words   |  7 PagesTECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND JOB PLACEMENT Ayala Boulevard, Ermita, Manila A Narrative Report on the Supervised Industrial Training (SIT) Program Student – Trainee: RODRIGUEZ, Karen Gayle Z. 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This poem was one of the last notes he wrote before his death; another that he had written was found in his shoe but because the text was illegible, its contents remains a mystery. Rizal did not ascribe a title to his poem. Mariano Ponce, his friend and fellow reformist, titled it Mi Último Pensamiento (My Last Thought)Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDiversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢ Effective Diversity Programs 58 Summary and Implications for Managers 60 S A L Self-Assessment Library What’s My Attitude Toward Older People? 40 Myth or Science? â€Å"Dual-Career Couples Divorce Less† 47 An Ethical Choice Religious Tattoos 51 glOBalization! Images of Diversity from Around the Globe 54 Point/Counterpoint Men Have More Mathematical Ability Than Women

John Dallek s An Unfinished Life - 3220 Words

Mollie McLean APUSH August 19, 2015 Period 5 Review of a Completed Biography: John Dallek’s An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy John Dallek’s authorship has intensively inquired about many presidents, evaluating their entire lives, personal and political. With his work comprising of many presidential biographies, Dallek has payed tribute to one man who consistently tops the charts of America’s Favorite President on frequent; the dearly beloved President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Serving from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963, Kennedy had a large impact on a multitude of people around the world, making numerous bold changes in the United States’ domestic living whilst trying to prevent Communism and nuclear weapons†¦show more content†¦Secondly, liberals were upset that Kennedy had been nominated over more radical and outspoken civil rights reformers. To secure a better stance amongst the liberals and African Americans, JFK needed to reach out to their communities. So when Martin Luther King Jr. was impris oned in Georgia for attempting to integrate a restaurant, Jack Kennedy called King’s wife to offer sympathy and support. This helped him to make a better impression with civil rights activists and African Americans. Lastly, JFK’s debate with Nixon proved him to be a more calm and collected candidate, looking younger and more at ease than the â€Å"abrasive†, â€Å"unstatesmanlike†, and â€Å"haggard† Nixon (Dallek, 17-18). All of these efforts resulted in Kennedy receiving votes by the Catholic, African American, and liberal majority. Even though he had made the clear in the election, many did not know his health had been withering for decades. Dixon made a point to be inclusive of Kennedy’s personal life by extensively studying his health issues yet untapped by the press. He shared that at two years old, Kennedy was admitted to the hospital with scarlet fever for two months. His health only deteriorated with age as he experienced abdominal pains, weight loss, and fatigue which he later found to be

Economic Equilibrium In Australia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economic Equilibrium In Australia. Answer: Introduction From our basic knowledge of economics, we know that economic equilibrium is the state at which demand and supply forces are equal to each other without external impact the price and quantity remain at the equilibrium value. Thus, the quantity demanded is equal to quantity provided with no excess in either supply or demand. The price of commodities in this state is known as the equilibrium price. For there to be equilibrium,the demand for a product at a specific price need to be equal to the related actual supply or the level of production. The aim of this study is to understand the concepts of a stable equilibrium and discuss the state of the Australian economy and whether it is a stable economy. Economic Equilibrium A stable equilibrium in an economy, it is hard to achieve given the difficulty of getting a situation in which goods and services supplied to meet the market demand. Due to excess demands, deficits in supplies, unstable market prices, falling incomes and recessions and expansions in the economy the stability of an economy is not easy to attain. In a stable economy if the rare changes in demand or supply as a result of external factors will lead to a shift in the equilibrium. The changes experienced are to ensure that the equilibrium is maintained as long as the quantity demanded surpasses the one provided. Given that the surplus quantity in the market place is to the extent of AB; the price will take a downward slope. The market will keep feeling the downward pressure until the price encompasses the quantity demanded that must be equal to the level of equilibrium of the quantity supplied. In the case where the quantity demanded surpasses the quantity supplied, the amount of shortage of commodity will be indicated by CE1. The price in the market will take an upward slope as a result of the surplus in demand which means that the price will increase to the level of equilibrium of the quantity supply which must be equivalent to the demanded quantity. A price below that of the equilibrium will cause the quantity supplied to be less than the one demanded. It will result in a decrease in quantity of commodities supplied causing a deficit of the commodity in demand. In the case where the the opposite happens and the price is above that of the equilibrium, the supplied quantity will exceed the one demanded. The additional supply will cause the price to reduce even more, moving it further away from the equilibrium. However, the probability of the price moving near the equilibrium is very minimal. The balanced state of economic equilibrium can be disrupted by external factors, such as a change in consumer preferences. This can result in a decrease in demand and, therefore, it leads to a condition of excess supply in the market. A temporary state of disequilibrium, in this case, will proceed until a new equilibrium is identified (Khan Yannelis, 2013). A nations economy is said to a stable system when it contains only minimal instabilities in output development and displays low inflation continuously. Sustainable, low and stable unemployment and a sustainable balance of payments position must also be present in a stable economic system. These are the four aims that are vital for any country to maintain macroeconomic stability. These are measured by indicators such as GDP growth rate, inflation rate, unemployment rate and balance of payments. A stable economy is often considered to be a profitable state that most developed countries have that is achieved through the implementation of actions taken by their governments. Australia Unstable Economy Equilibrium The main purpose of the policies developed by governments is to increase the level GNI ( gross national income) as well as ensure that there is sufficient economic development and growth to support any rise in utility and standard of living of active drivers of the economy. Another purpose of government policies is to keep prices at a stable level that can only be achieved if there is little to no change in the cost of products. The stability of an economy is greately affected by too much government interventions. Fiscal policies as well as monetary policies are the main tools governmemts use to maintain a stable economy with characteristics such as maximum employment levels, monitored inflation and a fair balance of payments. The economy of Australia is developed and one of the largest mixed market. In Australia, the economy is influenced by various factors that make it impossible of the economy to be stable. The economy of Australia has been incredibly profitable and stable for years now. It has been characterised by structural reforms, a prolonged commodity boom as well as resilient and effective macroeconomics strategy. The economy has remained strong and stable and has not marred by a recession since July 1991 (Mgge Stellinga, 2015, pp. 42-62). Conventional economic signals have shown that Australias economy is superior to that of the majority of developed countries. Despite the higher rate of inflation, the countrys growth and high rate of employment is envied by many countries. Australia is a very wealthy country by world standards and the governments role in the economy has developed wealth and provided opportunities for the people. The worldwide financial crisis that paralysed most of the world did not affect Australia by much as its banking systems and inflation stayed strong and controlled. The productivity of opening up process has been significantly improved, in addition to more restorative growth and adaptable and active economy. Therefore it is highly unlikely for it to be drastically affected by changes in the economy. Australia is among the few advanced economies to avoid a downward influence in its economy (recession), in part because of strong principles at the start of the crisis. Growth sunk for only briefly below trend during the crisis and rebounded quickly. Australian markets have significantly low risk in addition to consistently strong grown in the gross domestic product (GDP), nonvolatile interest rates and considerably superior levels of employment with climbing exchange rates (Hatfield-Dodds et al, 2015). Conclusion It is evident that Australias economy is stable. The economic growth rates of Australia are robust and superior to that of most developed countries including the United Kingdom and the United States. Recent statics shows that Australia has a GDP greater than countries that are considered to be the most industrialised such as Germany, the United Kingdom, and France. The Policies developed by the Australian government have ensured that the countrys economy carries minimal risk, has high employment levels and a robust GDP, climbing foreign exchange rates as well as dependable cash flow rates. References Khan, M. A., Yannelis, N. C. (Eds.). (2013). Equilibrium theory in infinite dimensional spaces (Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Mgge, D., Stellinga, B. (2015). The unstable core of global finance: Contingent valuation and governance of international accounting standards. Regulation Governance, 9(1), 47-62. Hatfield-Dodds, S., Schandl, H., Adams, P. D., Baynes, T. M., Brinsmead, T. S., Bryan, B. A., ... McCallum, R. (2015). Australia is' free to choose'economic growth and falling environmental pressures. Nature, 527(7576), 49.

Pernicious Anaemia Causes and Curing Procedures

Introduction Pernicious anaemia refers to a form of anaemia, which results from failure of the body to absorb adequately absorb vitamin B-12. Vitamin B-12, being an important nutrient in the body is absorbed in the small intestine from foods rich in vitamin B-12. Lahner and Annibale (2009) explain that vitamin B-12 binds itself to intrinsic factor, a parietal-cells-secreted protein, forming a complex, which is readily absorbed by the small intestine.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Pernicious Anaemia: Causes and Curing Procedures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Irvine (1965) submits that when the aforementioned intrinsic factor is absent from the body, perhaps because of autoimmunity of genetic issues, vitamin B-12 is reduced in the victim’s body, leading to pernicious anaemia. Further, victims of autoimmune disorders are more exposed to pernicious anaemia because their antibodies attack parietal cells, leading to abnormal secretion of the intrinsic factor, which in turn leads to poor vitamin B-12 absorption and consequently, pernicious anaemia (Toh, Van Driel Gleeson, 1997). Therefore, the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of pernicious anaemia comes from the autoimmune disorder. The pathophysiology and pathogenesis of pernicious anaemia show that occurrence of autoimmune disorder affects secretion of the intrinsic factor leading to mal-absorption of vitamin B-12. Autoantibodies attach themselves to gastric H+/K+–ATPase that is a pump composed of a 100 a glycoprotein ÃŽ ²-subunit (60-90 kDa) and a kDa catalytic ÃŽ ±-subunit, and consequently prevent the proper functioning of parietal cells and intrinsic factor secretion (Toh et al., 1997). This report is an investigative analysis of the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of pernicious anaemia. It analyses the stomach’s morphology in relation to pernicious anaemia, diagnoses pernicious anaemia in sample stomachs through western blot technique, and seeks to detect antibodies in sample serums through immune-histochemistry staining. Aim The objective of this report is to detect antibodies of the proton pump of the stomach by applying immune-histochemistry and western blot techniques on serum samples. To set a good background for the study, the report first analyses the critical components of a healthy stomach.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Material and Methods Procedure of Examining Morphology of the Stomach Stomach samples were placed in slides to prepare them for examination, and then stored in a safety cabinet. The slides were incubated in xylene for two minutes and further incubated in ethanol for another two minutes. Rinsing was done on the slides for 30 seconds after the slides were incubated in haematoxylin. Staining and washing was done, followed by soaking in 1% acid alcohol and rins ing. The stained slides were placed for 30 seconds in Scott’s tap to incubate, and thereafter, rinsed before staining them with eosin for a period of 4 minutes. The slides were subsequently placed for 30 seconds in 90% and 100% ethanol to fix them. After the fixation, the slides were put on ethanol for 2 minutes and dried in the air immediately. A drop of DPX medium was applied on fixed slide, preparing it for mounting, covered with cover slip, and a magnification of x400 used to view it. Diagrams focussing on the gastric gland and stomach wall were sketched using a pencil on an A4 paper. Procedure for Preparing SDS-PAGE and Western Blot For the stomach specimen, a protein sample of 48 µL was added into a microfuge with 12 µL of SDS-sample. Molecular weight markers for the assessment of the molecular weights were prepared in advance. To sediment the molecular markers and protein sample, the solutions were spun in a centrifuge for a few minutes. Next, lane 1 of the prepare d SDS-PAGE in electrophoresis apparatus was loaded with 10 µL of the molecular weight markers. Just like molecular weight markers, subsequent wells of the SDS-PAGE were loaded with 25 µL of the protein sample. Then the electrophoresis apparatus was started on a power of 200 volts and left for 45 minutes. After electrophoresis was over, the apparatus was switched off and dismantled, and a demonstrator was used to apply gel on a clean plate. Then the gel was placed on the iBlot device with the aim of assessing the separation of proteins according to their weights. 10uL of distilled water was used in the placement of one gel in iBlot device, which processed it for 7 minutes, and another gel was put in nitrocellulose film. The nitrocellulose membrane was stained using 50mL of 0.1% Ponceau solution and leaving it for 1 minute, which ensured that protein transformation had occurred. To detect sera of patients, the nitrocellulose membrane was labelled.Advertising We will write a c ustom report sample on Pernicious Anaemia: Causes and Curing Procedures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lanes were cut using a pair of scissors and subsequently rinsed using NaOH with an aim of removing stains. The membrane was washed in 50mL of TBS and stored for the subsequent practical, which would include 10mL of Tris-buffer at 40o C. Deionised water was used to clean membranes after they were retrieved from storage. The wash included the following three steps: blocking step involving 5mL of 5% skimmed milk blocking solution; incubation of primary antibody using 2.5mL of patient serum sample or the positive and the negative control; and secondary antibody incubation using 5mL of labelled antibody. The iBlot was put to use again in performing the aforementioned three steps. Consequently, membrane strips were removed from the device and washed with TBS 3 times for a period of five minutes. Several steps were subsequently performed before imaging using the Chemidoc. The results of the test were then uploaded to CloudDeakin. Procedure of Preparing Immuno-Peroxidase of Mouse Stomach As some steps of slides preparation was done beforehand, Incubation was done for 100 µL of serum for 20 minutes because some slide preparation steps had already been completed. Slides were washed using PBS horseradish peroxide, also known as anti-human Ig HRPO, was used to conjugate 50 µL of antibodies by incubating it for 45 minutes. Slides were then washed in PBS and water was used to rinse them before 100 µL of DAB was added, subsequently incubating them for 10 minutes. Before the slides were soaked in haematoxylin for 3 seconds, they were cleaned using PBS. After the cleaning, they were rinsed with water and incubated in ethanol for an approximate 2 minutes. DPX was applied on slides and they were viewed with a microscope magnification of Ãâ€"400. Discussion Discussion: Morphology of the Stomach In order to understand the morphology of the stomach well, the mucosal and sub-mucosal layers of the mouse’s stomach are stained with eosin and haematoxylin as depicted in figure 1. Figure 2 shows gastric gland stained with the same, which together with the other parts are key determinants of the mouse’s stomach morphology.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Irvine (1965) notes, the major feature of pernicious anaemia is the atrophy of mucosal cells for example parietal cells. The latter are responsible for the secretion of gastric acid and intrinsic factor which aid in vitamin B-12 absorption in the end of the small intestine. â€Å"Essentially, parietal cells have the H+/K+-ATPase pump, which consists of beta and alpha subunits† (Rhoades Bell 2008). This is well illustrated in figure 2 whereby the parietal cells are pink stained while the other main cells (chief cells) are dark-pink stained. The chief cells play a significant role of pepsinogen secretion, which catabolizes proteins (Toh et al. 1997). In that case, the physiology of parietal cells and protein catabolism is dependent on the stomach morphology. Discussion: Western Blotting The experiment proved that a western blot technique is effective in determining whether patients are infected with pernicious anaemia. Results from the study were presented on CloudDeakin. I t is however important to mention that the western blot technique did not achieve the desired results in all experiments because its results were spurious. Some membranes in the study lacked bands, while some had patchy or uneven spots as shown in figure 3. Defects in antigens, buffers, or antibodies resulted in interference of definite bands in the membranes. Additionally, use of inappropriate antibodies, either primary or secondary, also resulted in vague bands or no bands at all. Likewise, the use of low concentrations of the antibody also results in invisible bands and lack of antigen or low concentrations of the same leads to an invisible signal. In this regard, it is necessary to use different antigens in order to determine whether invisibility is because of primary and/or secondary antibodies or antigens. The visibility of bands can also be affected by procedures like membrane washing. This is because prolonged washing is likely to diminish signal appearance. Contamination of buffers may also lead to invisible bands, hence the need to preserve their purity during the study (Lahner Annibale, 2009). The western blot procedure should be undertaken in such a way that buffers like TBST, ECL and PBS are not contaminated. The procedure’s transfer of protein component is perhaps the most sensitive because it may be interfered by air bubbles and partial transfer can occur (Andres Serraj, 2012). When such improper protein transfer occurs, then the blot comes out with uneven or patchy spots. In the event of trapped air bubbles within the membranes and gel, the output in film will be dark. Therefore, to prevent bubble formation, one should evenly distribute particles by incubating using a shaker. The results presented in figure 4 were prepared by the technical staff. The H+/K+-ATPase antigen is responsible for triggering an autoimmune disorder (Lahner Annibale, 2009), which interferes with the proper functioning of parietal cells and intrinsic-factor secr etion (Lahner Annibale, 2009). The parietal cells’ autoantibodies act against H+/K+-ATPase, thereby affecting the function of parietal cells, and consequently the occurrence of pernicious anaemia (Andres Serraj, 2012). Structurally, the autoantigen measures an approximate 160 to 190 kDa, with the specific measurement being determined by its constituent protein subunits. The autoantigen is made up of a glycoprotein ÃŽ ²-subunit (60-90 kDa) and a 100 kDa catalytic ÃŽ ±-subunit (Toh et al., 1997). The subunits are the ones that determine the nature of the disorder affecting parietal cells and intrinsic factor secretion. The western blot analysis revealed a fragment of approximately 80 kDa. The fragment is a glycosylated ÃŽ ²- subunit of the H+/K+-ATPase pump because the fragment detected corresponds a 80 kDa molecular marker. In the event of pernicious anaemia, H+/K+-ATPase is the autoantigen that is solely recognizable by parietal-cells antibodies. Therefore, it is vital in d iagnosing pernicious anaemia using western blot (Toh et al., 1997). Evidently, patient 1’s stained strip in figure 4, indicates a positive diagnosis. The size of the autoantibody-bound subunit is approximately 80 kDa that is a glycosylated ÃŽ ²-subunit of the H+/K+-ATPase pump. Therefore, the findings from the western blot procedure confirm that the patient is positive, and that the autoantigen subunit is glycosylated ÃŽ ²- subunit of the H+/K+-ATPase pump. ELISA, which is an acronym for Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, can also be utilized in detecting anti-proton pump antibodies that prove presence of pernicious anaemia in patients. H+/K+-ATPase is the main autoantigen, which is present in pernicious-anaemia patient sera because it induces autoimmune disorder that interferes with parietal cells and thereby inhibits secretion of the intrinsic factor (Lahner Annibale, 2009). When ELISA is used, the autoantigen on the micro titre plate is immobilized, and the serum sample t hat contains anti-proton pump antibodies is combined and incubated with the aforementioned antigen. Serum samples normally have antibodies that are specific to proton pump antigens. This implies that the antibodies bind to the proton pump ÃŽ ± and ÃŽ ² subunits. Sugiu et. al. explain that proteins and excess antibodies in serum are cleaned and the secondary antibody that is linked to the enzyme, and which is primary-antibody specific, is also added to the micro titre plate. A change in colouration is achieved by the use of the chromogenic substrate, indicating proton-pump antibodies presence. In order to be able to determine the amount of proton pump antibodies in sera by the use of ELISA, the assessment of electrical signal, intensity of colour and fluorescence is necessary. To measure colour intensity in absorbance of luminance, it is a spectrophotometer can be used (Sugiu et al., 2006). This accurately determines the level of proton pump antibodies in the sera. Therefore, determi nation of fluorescence or colour intensity is an important component of qualifying proton pump antibodies. The anti-human IG-HRP conjugate of the sheep is a secondary antibody, which links with the H+/K+ ATPase antigen indirectly because it uses the primary antibody to link to the antigen. Anti-human Ig-HRP is actually an antibody specific to the human Ig production of the antibody, and it results from the immunological response of a sheep to human Ig (Chevrier, Chateauneuf, Guerin Lemieux, 2004). The anti-human Ig is actually a secondary antibody and thus, immune-histochemistry and in western blot, horseradish is used to conjugate it. Horseradish is an enzyme, which catalyses chromogenic substrates. Discussion: Immuno-peroxidase staining of mouse stomach section In this section of the report, emphasis is put on the stomach’s immune-histology to determine whether the patient mouse tests positive or negative for pernicious anaemia. In case of positive results, the antibodies are seen attached on the proton pumps of the parietal cells (Irvine 1965). During this experiment, unknown patients were applied anti-human 1g to the human 1g, which were labelled P1 and P2. From the experiment results, it was depicted that there were no brown stains thus concluding that there was no antibody-attachment on the proton pumps of the parietal cell. The conclusion was that patient 2 had tested negative for pernicious anaemia. On the other hand, patient 1 tested positive for pernicious anaemia because there were brown stains, which indicated antibody-antigen attachment on the proton pumps of the parietal cells. Reference List Andres, E, Serraj, K 2012, ‘Optimal management of pernicious anaemia’, Journal of Blood Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, 97-103. Chevrier, C, Chateauneuf, I, Guerin, M, Lemieux, R 2004, ‘Sensitive detection of human Ig in ELISA using a monoclonal anti-IgG-Peroxidase Conjugate’, Hybrid Hybridomics, vol. 23, no 6, 362-367. Irvine, J 1965, ‘Immunologic Aspects of Pernicious Anaemia’, New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 273, no. 1, pp. 432-438. Lahner, E, Annibale, B 2009, ‘Pernicious anaemia: New insights from a gastroenterological point of view’, World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 15, no. 41, pp. 5121-5128. Rhoades, A, Bell, R 2008, Medical Physiology principles for clinical medicine. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia. Sugiu, K, Kamada, T, Ito, M, Kaya, S, Tanaka, A, Kusunoki, H, Haruma, K 2006, ‘Evaluation of an ELISA for detection of antiparietal cell antibody,’ Hepatogastroenterology, vol. 53, no. 67, 11-14. Toh, H, Van Driel, R, Gleeson, A 1997, ‘Pernicious Anaemia’, New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 337, no. 20, pp. 1441-1448. This report on Pernicious Anaemia: Causes and Curing Procedures was written and submitted by user Frankl1nR1chards to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.